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Aconitum carmichaelii

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File:Aconitum carmichaelli 'arendsii' 27-10-2005 16.09.36.JPG
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
Order: Ranunculales
Family: Ranunculaceae
Genus: Aconitum
Species: A. carmichaelii
Binomial name
Aconitum carmichaelii
Debeaux

Aconitum carmichaelii syn. A. fischeri, is a species of flowering plant of the genus Aconitum, family Ranunculaceae. It is native to East Asia and eastern Russia. It is commonly known as Chinese aconite, Carmichael's monkshood or Chinese wolfsbane , Torikabuto}}). It is known in Mandarin as Fu Zi (meaning daughter root, or lateral root) and as Wu Tou (meaning tuberous mother root, or root tuber).

Description

Growing to 1.2 m (4 ft) tall by 30 cm (12 in) wide,[1] it is an erect perennial, with 3- to 5- lobed ovate, leathery leaves. Dense panicles of blue flowers are produced in late summer and autumn.

It is valued as a garden plant, and numerous cultivars have been developed, of which 'Arendsii'[2] and 'Kelmscott'[3] (Wilsonii Group) have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[1]

Biological effects

All parts of this plant are extremely toxic,[4] and it has historically been used as a poison on arrows.[5] It is sometimes used topically in Dit Da Jow liniment.[citation needed] If not prepared properly by a trained person, Aconitum can be deadly when taken internally.

It is considered a medicinal herb in traditional Chinese medicine and the root is most commonly used to restore yang.Template:Cn

Chemical constituents

  • Aconitine: Raw Fu Zi, 0.004%; prepared Fu Zi, trace/none.
  • Hypaconitine: Raw Fu Zi, 0.12%; prepared Fu Zi, 0.001%
  • Mesaconitine: Raw Fu Zi, 0.033%; prepared Fu Zi, 0.001%

The Template:LD50 of aconite in mice was 0.295 mg/kg SI, and that of the prepared decoction is 17.42 g/k.[citation needed] A lethal dose of aconitine is 3–4 mg.

Violdelphinis an anthocyanin, a type of plant pigments, found in the purplish blue flower of A. chinense[6]

Synonyms

  • Aconitum chinense Paxton [= Aconitum carmichaelii var. truppelianum]
  • Aconitum japonicum var. truppelianum Ulbr. [≡ Aconitum carmichaelii var. truppelianum]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. pp. 1136. ISBN 1405332964. 
  2. ↑ "RHS Plant Selector - Aconitum carmichaelii 'Arendsii'". http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=5231. Retrieved 17 July 2013. 
  3. ↑ "RHS Plant Selector - Aconitum carmichaelii 'Kelmscott'". http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=5762. Retrieved 17 July 2013. 
  4. ↑ Aconitum carmichaelii
  5. ↑ Bisset, NG (1981). "Arrow poisons in China. Part II. Aconitum--botany, chemistry, and pharmacology". Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4 (3): 247–336. PMID 7029146. 
  6. ↑ The anthocyanin responsible for purplish blue flower colour of Aconitum chinense. Kosaku Takeda, Syuji Sato, Hiromitsu Kobayashi, Yoko Kanaitsuka, Mariko Ueno, Takeshi Kinoshita, Hiroyuki Tazaki and Takane Fujimori, Phytochemistry, June 1994, Volume 36, Issue 3, Pages 613–616, doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89784-8

External links

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