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Flexor digitorum profundus muscle
Template:Infobox Muscle In human anatomy, the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP, Latin for "deep bender of the fingers") is a muscle in the forearm that flexes the fingers (also known as digits). It is considered an extrinsic hand muscle because it acts on the hand while its muscle belly is located in the forearm. Together the flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus, and flexor digitorum profundus form the deep layer of ventral forearm muscles.[1]
Contents
Human anatomy
Origin and insertion
Flexor digitorum profundus originates upper 3/4 of anterior & medial surfaces of ulna, interosseous membrane and deep fascia of the forearm. The muscle fans out into four tendons (one to each of the second to fifth fingers) to the palmer base of distal phalanx.
Along with flexor digitorum superficialis, it has long tendons that run down the arm and through the carpal tunnel and attach to the palmar side of the phalanges of the fingers.
Flexor digitorum profundus lies deep to superficialis, but it attaches more distally. Therefore, profundus's tendons go through the tendons of superficialis, and end up attaching to the distal phalanx. For this reason profundus is also called the perforating muscle.[1]
The lumbricals of the hand arise from the radial side of its tendons.[1]
Action
Flexor digitorum profundus is a flexor of the wrist (midcarpal), metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints.[1]
Innervation
Flexor digitorum profundus is innervated by the anterior interosseous and ulnar nerves.
- The medial aspect of the muscle (which flexes the 4th and 5th digit) is supplied by the ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
- The lateral aspect (which flexes the 2nd and 3rd digit) is innervated by the median nerve specifically the anterior interosseous branch (C8, T1).
It is one of two flexor muscles that is not exclusively supplied by the median nerve (the other is flexor carpi ulnaris).
Variations
The tendon of the index finger often has a separate muscle belly.[1]
Evolutionary variation
In many primates, the FDP is fused with the flexor pollicis longus (FPL). In great apes the belly of the FDP has a separate tendon for the FDP. In lesser apes, both muscles have separate bellies in the forearm, but in Old World monkeys they separate in the carpal tunnel. The lack of differentiation in the FDP musculature in baboons makes it unlikely that this monkey can control individual fingers independently. [2]
Additional images
Notes
References
- Platzer, Werner (2004). Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Vol. 1: Locomotor System (5th ed.). Thieme. ISBN 3-13-533305-1.
- Tocheri, MW; Orr, CM; Jacofsky, MC; Marzke, MW. (April 2008). "The evolutionary history of the hominin hand since the last common ancestor of Pan and Homo". J Anat. 212 (4): 544–62. doi:. PMID 18380869. (Abstract, PubMed) (PDF, Smithsonian)
External links
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hr:Duboki pregibač prstiju he:השריר כופף האצבעות העמוק hu:Mély ujjakat hajlító izom nl:Musculus flexor digitorum profundus ja:深指屈筋 pl:Mięsień zginacz głęboki palców pt:Músculo flexor profundo dos dedos ru:Глубокий сгибатель пальцев sl:Globoka upogibalka prstov sv:Flexor digitorum profundus th:กล้ามเนื้อเฟลกเซอร์ ดิจิทอรุม โปรฟันดัส
