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Chondrocytes
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| Chondrocyte | |
|---|---|
| File:Hypertrophic Zone of Epiphyseal Plate.jpg | |
| Chondrocytes of hyaline cartilage showing organelles, lacunae and matrix. | |
| Latin | chondrocytus |
Chondrocytes (from Greek chondros cartilage + kytos cell) are the only cells found in cartilage. They produce and maintain the cartilaginous matrix, which consists mainly of collagen and proteoglycans. Although chondroblast is still commonly used to describe an immature chondrocyte, use of the term is discouraged, for it is technically inaccurate since the progenitor of chondrocytes (which are mesenchymal stem cells) can also differentiate into osteoblasts. The organization of chondrocytes within cartilage differs depending upon the type of cartilage and where in the tissue they are found.
Differentiation
From least- to terminally-differentiated, the chondrocytic lineage is:
- Colony-forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F)
- Mesenchymal stem cell / marrow stromal cell (MSC)
- Chondrocyte
- Hypertrophic chondrocyte
When referring to bone or cartilage, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are commonly known as osteochondrogenic (or osteogenic, chondrogenic, osteoprogenitor, etc.) cells since a single MSC has shown the ability to differentiate into chondrocytes or osteoblasts, depending on the medium. In vivo, differentiation of an MSC in a vascularized area (such as bone) yields an osteoblast, whereas differentiation of an MSC in a non-vascularized area (such as cartilage) yields a chondrocyte. Chondrocytes undergo terminal differentiation when they become hypertrophic during endochondral ossification. This last stage is characterized by major phenotypic changes in the cell.
Gallery
- Cartilage polarised.jpg
Chondrocytes in hyaline cartilage
- Chondrocyte- calcium stain.jpg
Chondrocyte, stained for calcium, showing nucleus (N) and mitochondria (M)
See also
References
- Dominici M, Hofmann T, Horwitz E (2001). "Bone marrow mesenchymal cells: biological properties and clinical applications". J Biol Regul Homeost Agents 15 (1): 28–37. PMID 11388742.
- Bianco P, Riminucci M, Gronthos S, Robey P (2001). "Bone marrow stromal stem cells: nature, biology, and potential applications". Stem Cells 19 (3): 180–92. doi:. PMID 11359943.
- Stem cell information
External links
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Template:Human cell typesca:Condròcit cs:Chondrocytkk:Хондроцит ja:軟骨細胞 pl:Chondrocyt pt:Condrócito ru:Хондроцит sk:Chondrocyt sr:Хондроцит sv:Kondrocyt tr:Kondrosit zh:软骨细胞
